指示代詞

時(shí)間:2023-05-04 21:14:48 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 我要投稿
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指示代詞

1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:

      單數(shù)          復(fù)數(shù)

限定詞:This girl is Mary.  Those men are my

               teachers.

代詞: This is Mary.     Those are my

               teachers.

 2) 指示代詞的句法功能;

  a. 作主語(yǔ)

    This is the way to do it.

    這事兒就該這樣做。

  

   b. 作賓語(yǔ)

    I like this better than that.

    我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。

   c. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

    My point is this.

    我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。

   d. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)

    I don't say no to that.

    我并未拒絕那個(gè)。

    There is no fear of that.

    那并不可怕。

 說(shuō)明1:

  指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如:

 (對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語(yǔ),指人)

 (對(duì))He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)

 (錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.。╰his作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)

 (對(duì))I bought this. 我買(mǎi)這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))

 說(shuō)明2:

  That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:

 (對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。

 (對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

 (錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.。╰hat作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)

 (對(duì)) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)

 (對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)

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