英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解 動(dòng)詞不定式（三）
三、 不定式作表語(yǔ)1. 一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件)，表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一種情況主語(yǔ)是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
四、 不定式作定語(yǔ)
1. 不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。這時(shí)被修飾的名詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
�。跘］ to bring［B］ bringing［C］ is brought［D］ brings
14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
［A］ be giving［B］ are given［C］ being given［D］ to give 另外，有些詞的不定式定語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系，如除了上述例句以外，還有些詞常跟不定式作定語(yǔ)。這些詞主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往有一層動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語(yǔ)
15) Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.
16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .
［A］ to buy［B］ buy［C］to be buying［D］ buying
17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
�。跘］ to do … to talk［B］ doing … to talk to
�。跜］ to do … to talk to［D］ doing… to talk
3. 因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ剿揎椀拿~是不定式的賓語(yǔ)，所以如果不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么就要在動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞
He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .
［A］ to sit［B］ for to sit on［C］ to sit on［D］ for sitting
4. 一些表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞后面要求接不定式作其定語(yǔ)，如：ability, attempt, effort等
19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.
20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
�。跘］ discover［B］ discovers［C］ discovering［D］ to discover
21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?
［A］ please ［B］ pleased ［C］ to please ［D］ having pleased
五、不定式作狀語(yǔ)
注意作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式要與其邏輯主語(yǔ)在意義上和數(shù)上的一致。
1. 表示目的
22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
�。跘］Although［B］To carry out［C］Except that［D］ Make
23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
�。跘］ Obtaining［B］ Being obtained［C］ To obtain［D］ It is obtained
24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
�。跘］killed each other［B］killing each other［C］to be killed each other
�。跠］to kill each other
2. 表示結(jié)果，在這種情況下，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是全句的主語(yǔ)
He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
還有固定搭配的不定式表示結(jié)果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
3. 表示原因
It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
4. 伴隨狀況
在下列表示能力、愿望、傾向等語(yǔ)義的形容詞后邊也要接不定式：able(但其同義詞" capable"后面要接"of+動(dòng)名詞")，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(傾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。
25) Certain ［A］ minerals are magnetic and are able to detected ［B］ by instruments that measure ［C］ differences in the Earth's magnetic fields ［D］