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初中英語語法之不定式作補語
不定式作補語
1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challengecommand compelconsider declare driveenableencourage find forbid forceguess hireimagineimpelinduce informinstructinvite judge know likeorder permitpersuade remind reportrequest requireselectsend state suppose tell think traintrust understandurge warn
例句:
a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
b.We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分詞做賓補,或先加形式賓語,再加形容詞,最后加帶to 的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有g(shù)et,have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案:A.find的賓語后面,用分詞或分詞短語,起賓語補足語作用,F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動,也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表達(dá)被動。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu),作補語的動詞。
Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想),feel find,guess, judge,imagine,know, prove,see(理解), show,suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.
A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個事實,不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時,發(fā)明為點動詞一般不用完成時,且此處也不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear,be said,be supposed, be believed,be thought,be known, be reported,hope, wish, desire,want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。
注意 : 有些動詞需用as 短語做補語,如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
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