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英語四級(jí)非謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)
英語語法復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。
非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有：
(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞)，在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞)，在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞)，在句中作狀語。
(4)謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制；非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。
(5)英語中不能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語。
英語四級(jí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn)
1.接不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓語都可以，但在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞的用法
mean to do想要(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)propose doing建議(做某事)
forget to do忘記(要做的事)forget doing忘記(已做的事)remember to do記得(要做某事)remember doing記得(做過)
go on to do繼而(做另一件事)go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來的事)stop to do停下來去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事
regret to do(對(duì)將要做的事)遺憾regret doing(對(duì)已做過的事)后悔
2.不定式的習(xí)慣用法
句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即"不得不做"、"不禁做"、"不由自主地做"、"不能不做"、"只能做"。如：
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
When Iconsider how talented he is as apainter,I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
3.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法
句型：be busy/active doing sth.have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.It's no good/use/picnic doing sth.have agood/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no doing sth.
I know it isn't important but Ican't help thinking about it.There is no use crying over spilt milk.
Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.
4.there be非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法
(1)做賓語時(shí)取決于謂語動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)要求。如：
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(expect要求接不定式做賓語)
(2)做目的狀語或程度狀語時(shí)用for there to be，做其他狀語用there being。如：
For there to be successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
(for there to be…在句中做目的狀語)
It isn't cold enough for there to be afrost tonight,so Ican leave Jim's car out quite safely.(for there to be…在句中做程度狀語)
There being no further questions,we'll stop here today.(there being…做原因狀語)
(3)引導(dǎo)主語用for there to be。如：It is unusual for there to be no late comers today.
(4)做除for外的介詞賓語，用there being。如：
He would always ignore the fact of there being such acontradiction in his inner thought.
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