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2013考研英語(yǔ)寫作應(yīng)急策略綜述
一、換用籠統(tǒng)詞
詞大體可分為兩類：籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞�；\統(tǒng)詞的特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛、搭配性強(qiáng)。雖然它們獨(dú)自不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，但在構(gòu)成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來(lái)的時(shí)候，用籠統(tǒng)詞取代，能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have，take等。
例：邁克經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫作時(shí)，若忘記了experience可用籠統(tǒng)詞have代替，寫成Mike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預(yù)期效果。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應(yīng)試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
二、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關(guān)詞匯
遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞或一時(shí)想不起的詞時(shí)，可采用發(fā)散性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關(guān)的同義詞、反義詞，利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、多層次、多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言，使單詞受阻現(xiàn)象得以解決。
例：昨晚李雷做了一場(chǎng)惡夢(mèng)。
Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.
再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.
We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.
This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.
This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.
另外：
He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語(yǔ)義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來(lái)取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
三、換用迂回表達(dá)
當(dāng)一個(gè)詞或某些信息表達(dá)起來(lái)有困難時(shí)，要充分利用語(yǔ)言本身詞匯豐富、句型多變等特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行迂回表達(dá)。因?yàn)槿魏我环N表達(dá)形式，只要能達(dá)意便可接受。英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中多功能解釋性語(yǔ)句，就可以起到這一作用。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
例：1. 我從未見(jiàn)到過(guò)這樣頑固的人。
I've never seen such a stubborn person.=I've never seen such a person who never listens to other's advice.
2. 如果我們想得到文憑，我們必須首先通過(guò)考試。
If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams.=If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams.
3. 工廠里的煙囪(chimney)拔地而起。
High chimneys have appeared in the factories.=The factories are full of high chimneys.=A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories.
4. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)，被大學(xué)錄取了。
He passed the maths exam /succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student.
5. 中午我們吃了野餐。
At noon we had a picnic.=At noon we had our lunch in the open air.
解釋性語(yǔ)句能幫助我們巧妙地避開(kāi)一些大詞，難詞，又能使意思表達(dá)流暢，不失為一聰明之舉。比較下面兩篇文章：
(1)
Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict.
Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one‘s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may concern their future.
But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly?
(2)
Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all dislike it (hate it), but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision.
Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one‘s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future.
But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply?
比較兩篇文章，第一篇短小精干，用詞準(zhǔn)確，不失為一篇優(yōu)秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的詞匯，意思同樣清楚，也不失得體，流暢。
考研英語(yǔ)作文只要層次清晰，語(yǔ)法正確就能拿到較好的分?jǐn)?shù)。所以同學(xué)們?nèi)绻^(guò)于糾結(jié)于用一些自己難于掌握的大詞和難詞，往往花了時(shí)間，還得不到應(yīng)有的效果。我們應(yīng)該靈活地使用一些簡(jiǎn)單易掌握的表達(dá)方式傳達(dá)我們豐富多彩的內(nèi)容，以便最大限度地發(fā)揮我們的英語(yǔ)水平。希望同學(xué)們放送心態(tài)，掌握技巧，穩(wěn)拿寫作高分!
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