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2015考研英語(yǔ)(一)新題型小標(biāo)題的答題方式
考研英語(yǔ)(一)新題型小標(biāo)題題的答題方式.針對(duì)每一段文字，讀出每段主題或核心意思，并分清題目屬于哪一類的題型，從而采取不同的方法做答。 答題完畢后，應(yīng)參看下面的段落，有助于對(duì)答案進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。另外，有些段落的答案，在下面的幾段文字中會(huì)原文重現(xiàn)。
(一) 小標(biāo)題的解題思路
(1) 通讀一遍短文，使自己對(duì)全文的內(nèi)容有一個(gè)大致的了解。
(2) 針對(duì)每一段文字，讀出每段主題或核心意思，并分清題目屬于哪一類的題型，從而采取不同的方法做答。
(3) 答題完畢后，應(yīng)參看下面的段落，有助于對(duì)答案進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。另外，有些段落的答案，在下面的幾段文字中會(huì)原文重現(xiàn)。
(二) 小標(biāo)題題的答題方式
1. 主題暗示題
(1) 分析主題句后歸納。
例1.
Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four?year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be elected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law?making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
(Answer:About State System of Singapore)
在做這一題型時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)在文章及段落中找到中心句，即作者要表達(dá)的思想。這種題型在整個(gè)考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率是很高的。
主題句出現(xiàn)的位置往往在段首或段尾。在第一句中，可以看到新加坡是按照1959年修正后的憲法來(lái)治國(guó)的。在后面的敘述中，前兩句主語(yǔ)都是總統(tǒng)，而最后的一句的主語(yǔ)是議會(huì)。顯然后面這幾句是對(duì)主題句——第一句的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。由此可以看出，小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是新加坡的國(guó)家體制問(wèn)題。
例2.
Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.
(Answer: Indications of Possible Earthquakes)
本段的第一句即為主題句，講的是人們觀察到即將發(fā)生地震時(shí)一些可能出現(xiàn)的跡象，此后的內(nèi)容講的都是各種各樣的預(yù)兆、跡象。因此可以判斷該小標(biāo)題是指可能發(fā)生地震時(shí)的種種“現(xiàn)象”“征兆”。
例3.
Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.
(Answer:Role of Transport in Trade Development)
第一句話談到了交通運(yùn)輸是對(duì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展的一大幫助，接下來(lái)的幾句進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明了交通運(yùn)輸對(duì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展所起的作用，是對(duì)第一句主題句的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，歸納起來(lái)本段小標(biāo)題講的是交通在貿(mào)易發(fā)展中起的作用。
(2) 理解段落主題句并用“原形復(fù)現(xiàn)”或“同(近)義替換法”。
例1. in Paris
Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation?s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan areas. Industries of consumer goods have always been down to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high?technology industries also have become numerous since World War Ⅱ. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.
(Answer:Industries)
該段主題句講得是巴黎是法國(guó)的工業(yè)中心�！肮I(yè)”一詞以其復(fù)數(shù)形式“industries”出現(xiàn)了兩次，其形容詞形式“industrial”也出現(xiàn)了一次，可確定劃線部分應(yīng)為“工業(yè)”。
例2.
Women?s rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.
(Answer:Rights of Women)
該段主題句講的是在一個(gè)男子比女子傳統(tǒng)上享有更多權(quán)利和自由的社會(huì)中，女性的權(quán)利是她們獲得與男性政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)平等的保障。
例3.
It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One classification is based on the type of organisms studies, the major subdivisions being plant anatomy and animal anatomy. Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human anatomy and comparative anatomy, which seeks out similarities and differences among animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes, for example, developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study of diseased organs.
(Answer: The Subdivision of Anatomy)
該段第一句即主題句，講的是解剖學(xué)的細(xì)分，其中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞“subdivide”。后面是對(duì)主題句的擴(kuò)展，說(shuō)明了解剖學(xué)細(xì)分的內(nèi)容：“major subdivision”“further subdivided”“can also be subdivided into”。而顯而易見“細(xì)分”“分類”為答案。又因答案應(yīng)為名詞詞性，所以用“原形復(fù)現(xiàn)”的方法可以得出答案。
(3) 理解主題句并從試題中“of”或“by”后面的信息推斷。
例1. of Receiving Adult Education
This kind of education may be in the form of self?study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.
(Answer:Ways)
這一段的小標(biāo)題為“接受成人教育……”�？蓞⒄� of介詞后面的提示，從文章中尋找該小標(biāo)題的核心詞。該段共有兩句話，作者用舉例的方法提到了接受成人教育的不同途徑與方法。第一句講自學(xué)方式，包括函授課程、廣播大學(xué)等。第二句講集體學(xué)習(xí)方式。經(jīng)過(guò)分析，就可以得到答案。這是一種借助介詞of 后面短語(yǔ)的幫助，到文章主題句中去找答案的方法。
例2. of Women?s Rights Movement
The Age of Enlightenment (啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期) and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women?s rights movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women?s rights convention in New York and the feminists (女權(quán)主義者) demanded equal rights, including the vote.
(Answer:Start)
這一段的小標(biāo)題為“婦女權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的……”。參照介詞of后面的提示，再看原文。第一句即主題句主要講的是引起經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)和工業(yè)革命為18世紀(jì)末、19世紀(jì)初女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起提供了一個(gè)有利的氛圍。本段講的是女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的“興起”，本段第二句話里又出現(xiàn)了“first”即“第一次”的字樣，令人聯(lián)想到“開始”“開端”等詞語(yǔ)。這樣，含有start的答案就顯而易見了。
例3. of Transport?related Industries and Trade
By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishme
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