英語倒裝句的幾個類型
英語句子使用的目的,可分為四大類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。這四大類型句子都有可能出現(xiàn)倒裝句。倒裝句分為全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種類型。淺析如下:
一、疑問句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝句
1. 特殊疑問句中
。1)What is this?(全倒裝)
。2)Which do you want?(部分倒裝)
2. 一般疑問句
。1)Do you study English every day?(部分倒裝)
(2)May I come in?
。3)Are you going to be a teacher?
特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞做主語或疑問詞修飾主語時,句子不用倒裝,即用陳述語序。例如:Who did it yesterday? Which guy can do this work?
一般疑問句中,常把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在句首,即位于主語前,而構成部分倒裝。
二、感嘆句中出現(xiàn)倒裝句
1. What引導的感嘆句
。1)What a happy life we have had!(賓語在主語前面)
。2)What a fine day it is!(表語在主語前面)
。3)What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us!
2. How引導的感嘆句
(1)How happy we are!(表語在前面)
。2)How hard they are working!(狀語在前面)
。3)How nice a day it is!
3. 副詞引導詞引導的感嘆句
。1)There comes the bus!
。2)In come the students!
(3)Off goes the worker!
What或how 引導的句子,主謂也有不倒裝的。
What所強調(diào)的重點是名詞,這一名詞一般是表語或賓語,有時所強調(diào)的.名詞可能是主語。例如:What enormous crowd came!(《當代英語語法》中冊P87)。What也可單獨使用。例句:What she suffered in the old days!(《英語分類句型》P90)
How修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。有時how many的搭配也可修飾名詞。For how many years have I waited! 該短語作狀語。(《當代英語語法》)
副詞引導詞位于句首,一方面為了強調(diào),另一方面使情景生動。主語是名詞時,主謂倒裝;如果主語是人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝。例如:Away he went to the station!
三、祈使句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝
1. Long live the king! (《最新實用英漢辭典》P769)
2. Long live the People’s Republic of China!
3. May you succeed! 祝你成功!
Long may he live! 愿他長命百歲。ā队⑷A大辭典》P780)
4. Don’t you open the door. Don’t anyone open the door.(《當代英語語法》中冊P85)
祈使句一般無主語,有時也有主語出現(xiàn)。祈使句的主語要重讀,代詞也要重讀(陳述句的主語一般不重讀)。祈使句常用句號。表示一種強烈感情時,句子用感嘆號。
四、陳述句中出現(xiàn)的幾種倒裝句
1. 主謂倒裝
。1)Long long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.
。2)Once upon a time there were six blind men in India.
(3)“Come along, then.” said the bird.
。4)...but toward the end there came the terrible storm...
2. 表語倒裝
(1)Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(全倒裝句)
(2)Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.
。3)A very reliable person he is.(主語是人稱代詞時,主謂不倒裝)(《英語分類句型》P400)
3. 賓語倒裝
。1)Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.
。2)Twenty-one dollars they took for it.
。3)Not a single mistake did he make.
(4)Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.
賓語在前時,多數(shù)屬于強調(diào)部分,句子一般不加助動詞,偶爾也有助動詞出現(xiàn),如例句(3)。
五、復合句中的倒裝
(1)I take back what I said.
。2)...and the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain.(要是沒有那位船長,就會連船帶人都沉沒了。)
。3)Were I you,I would go with him.
。4)Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.
。5)Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.
(6)Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.
。7)The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.
六、其他倒裝
陳述句中為了保持句子平衡或為了強調(diào)表語、賓語、狀語等成分,或使上下文緊密銜接時,使用倒裝句。
。1)On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words,“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”(定語從句中,主語的同位語太長)
(2)They entered the classroom,in front of which sat a naughty boy.(使上下文緊密銜接)
(3)Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.(主語加上定語后太長而表語短,所以表語在前面,強調(diào)句子平衡)
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