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形容詞和副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則
形容詞、副詞比較級
大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1)規(guī)則變化
構(gòu)成法 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-est
原級:tall(高的 great(巨大的)
比較級:taller greater
最高級:tallest greatest
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st
原級:nice(好的) large(大的) able(有能力的)
比較級:nicer larger abler
最高級nicest largest ablest
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est 原級:big(大的) hot(熱的)
比較級:bigger hotter
最高級:biggest hottest
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est
原級:easy(容易的) busy(忙的)
比較級:easier busier
最高級:easiest busiest
少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est
原級:clever(聰明的) narrow(窄的)
比較級:cleverer narrower
最高級:cleverest narrowest
其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 原級:important(重要的) easily(容易地)
比較級:more important more easily
最高級:most important most easily
2)不規(guī)則變化
原級:good(好的) bad(壞的)
比較級:better worse
最高級:best worst
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副詞:1) 時(shí)間和頻度副詞: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never ,yet ,soon ,too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地點(diǎn)副詞: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副詞: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副詞: much ,little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly. 5) 疑問副詞: how, when, where, why. 6) 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why. 7) 連接副詞: how, when, where, why, whether.
As…as的一般用法:其基本意思為“與…一樣”,其中的第一個(gè)as為副詞,其后通常接形容詞或副詞(用原級),第二個(gè)as可用作介詞(后接名詞或代詞)或連詞(后接從句)。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。如:
(1) 在否定句中,第一個(gè) as 也可換成 so。如:
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如他弟弟努力。
(2) 在該結(jié)構(gòu)的兩個(gè)as之間通常接形容詞或副詞的原級,但若涉及數(shù)量或程度,可用“as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as”和“as many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as”。如:
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的一樣多。
I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原來想像的有那么多錢。
其間接形容詞時(shí),有時(shí)該形容詞還可修飾另一名詞,但這個(gè)名詞應(yīng)帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)。如:
She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是位好老師。
也可說。如:She is a teacher as good as her mother.
但不說。如:She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers
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as us.
“as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as…” 意為“和……一樣”,表示同級的比較,但要注意第一個(gè) as 為副詞,第二個(gè) as 為連詞。根據(jù)比較對象和性質(zhì)的不同又可以把此種結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種:
(一)“ as … as …結(jié)構(gòu)”用于表示不同人或物同一性質(zhì)的比較,意為“……和……一樣……
The tree is as tall as the building(is) .
這棵樹和那棟樓一樣高。
(二)“ as … as …結(jié)構(gòu)”用于表示同一個(gè)人或物不同性質(zhì)的比較,意為“既……又……” 。例如:
This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.
這個(gè)游泳池寬度和長度相等。
比較級的幾種主要句法
1、問人的句法:(要用形容詞比較級)
陳述句:SuHai is older than SuYang.
一般疑問句:Is Su Hai older than Su Yang?
特殊疑問句:Who is older than SuYang?
選擇性的特殊疑問句:Who is older, Su Hai or Su Yang?
2、問物的句法:(要用形容詞比較級)
陳述句:His ruler is longer than her ruler.
一般疑問句:Is his ruler longer than her ruler?
特殊疑問句:Whose ruler is longer than her ruler?
選擇性的特殊疑問句: Whose ruler is longer, his or hers?
3、問動(dòng)作的句法:(要用副詞比較級)
陳述句:Mike jumps higher than Ben.
一般疑問句:Does Mike jump higher than Ben?
特殊疑問句:Who jumps higher than Ben?
選擇性的特殊疑問句: Who jumps higher, Mike or Ben?
比較級句子中涉及到的人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法
1、主格和賓格
(原句) Mike is stronger than Nancy.
(改一改)He is stronger than her.
(原句) This man is taller than that man.
(改一改) _______is taller than_______.
(原句) Helen swims faster than Su Yang.
(改一改) _______swims faster than_______.
你能總結(jié)一下:什么時(shí)候用主格,什么時(shí)候用賓格嗎?
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