形式主語(yǔ)句型(It作形式主語(yǔ))是職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀題中的高頻考查句型。現(xiàn)將職稱英語(yǔ)試卷曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)的形式主語(yǔ)句型進(jìn)行如下歸納:
It 用作形式主語(yǔ)
當(dāng)不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。
It 作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：
�、� It + be + 形容詞 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
(學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk.
(覆水難收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
(她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。)
提示：that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that僅僅起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，that不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分。
�、� It + be +名詞詞組 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
(撒謊沒(méi)好處。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
(你昨天沒(méi)看成那部電影真遺憾。)
③ It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that ….
該句型常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
(據(jù)說(shuō)他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
(據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有十七萬(wàn)人在2004年那場(chǎng)海嘯中喪生。)
�、� It + seems / appears 等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that …./似乎.../看起來(lái)...
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
(似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
(看來(lái)湯姆可能會(huì)改變主意。)
�、� It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
這是一個(gè)表示“(某人)花多少時(shí)間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
(我花了一些時(shí)間才讀完那段閱讀材料。)
I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.
(我不能肯定，但估計(jì)至少要九個(gè)鐘頭才能到那兒。)
語(yǔ)法作業(yè)(請(qǐng)把下面的句子翻譯成中文):
1. Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?
2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
3. Is it true that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
4. It doesn’t matter much which dress you are going to wear.
5. It is said that he is going to America for further study.
7. Is it possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
8. It will do you good to do some exercise every morning.