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“‘外研社杯’全國(guó)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作大賽”決賽樣題及評(píng)分細(xì)則
2015“‘外研社杯’全國(guó)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作大賽”決賽樣題及評(píng)分細(xì)則類(lèi)型一
記敘文寫(xiě)作（Narrative
Writing）
600－800詞）。側(cè)重考查選手的閱讀理解、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)
比賽內(nèi)容：選手完成一篇記敘文寫(xiě)作（評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
用、細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)、形象思維、創(chuàng)意構(gòu)思、人文素養(yǎng)等綜合能力。
Narrative
ThemeisstrongSetting,
Content/Ide
as(40%)
Endingn.
Flowofaction
Organization/Developm
ent(30%)
WritingSpelling
usesappropriateisaccurate;
isinventive,
appropriate,
anddeliberate
forillustrati
andvaried
rhetorical
devices.
Writing
reflects
aunique,
consistent
personal
voice;
islogical
anddeliberate;
details
areprovided;
isfitting
andeffective,
andprovides
asenseofcompletio
Writing
usesmultiple
subplots
(ifappropriate);
Writing
andwell-defined;
andplotarefullyfleshed
outandconnected;
characters,
Vividandimaginativedescriptive
WordchoicengthetopicandpresentingSentence
Language(3
0%)
character(s);
isvaried
andcomplex,
andserves
thepurpo
structure
seofwriting;Dialogue.
(whenpresent)
isbelievable,
appropriate,
andeffective
比賽樣題：
Sample
Readthestorystarters.
ThelittlemancameuptomeasIwasabouttoenterthetelephoneskedmewhethereelse.”
Ihadamatch.
soIhaven’ｔany.Youhadbetterasksomeon
“I’ｍsorry,”Isaid.“Ｉdon’ｔsmoke,
box,anda
andcontinue
task1
thestoryin600-800
word
thestory.Complete
Argumentative
Content/Ideas(40%)Organization/Development
(30%)
Writing
Writingeffectivelyaddressesthetopicandthetask;Writingpresentsaninsightfulpositionontheissue;
Thepositionisstronglyandsubstantiallysupportedorargued.Writingrhetoricaldevices
(e.g.exemplifications,
classification,
analysis,
comp
arison/contrast,etc.)tosupportthethesisortoillustrateideas;Writingdisplayscoherence,progression,consistencyandunity;Textualelementsarewell-connectedthroughexplicitlogicaland/orlinguistictransitions.ratherdisappointed,hesitated,andthenturnedaway.Iwatchedhi
walk
slowly
directory
tolookupthenumber
togetthrough,
downImeanthewa
w
upthetelephoneiswell-organized
andwell-developed,
usingappropriate
Helookedmthestreetttodial.
beforeIpicked
Iamnotusedtoapublicrningpipshadstoppedantedtogiveamessage
Swearingace
man,whowaslookingdsly.
“Excusemytroublingay?Imustconfide
seeslightly
before
callboxso,atmyfirstattemptIrealized
Ihadtoinsert
acoin.
WhenIwasatlastabletospeak,
under
Iwastoldthattheperson
goneout.
Iemerged
whomIurgently
tohadjustthatminute
mybreath,withaspathetic
he
aduelling
fromtheboxandcamefacetofthe
little
hishatagain,
Icoulquite
Hespokenervou
wasonecheek.
asastraydog.Asheraised
scar,crossed
bald.Athinline,resembling
youagain,”hesaid.“MayIwalkalongwithyoualittlew
Ineedhelpdesperately.Sample
task2
andthesequence.
You
”
insomeone.
Lookatthepictures,rstory
andwriteastorythatfitsthepictures
shouldbe600-800words.
類(lèi)型二議論文寫(xiě)作（ArgumentativeWriting）
800詞左右）。側(cè)重考查選手的文獻(xiàn)閱讀理解、信息
比賽內(nèi)容：選手完成一篇議論文寫(xiě)作（深度等綜合素質(zhì)。
綜合處理、判斷分析、邏輯思辨、評(píng)價(jià)論述等能力，展示選手的知識(shí)廣度、視野維度、思想
Language(30%)
Spellingisaccurate;
WritingdisplaysconsistentfacilityWritingdemonstratesappropriateeffectiveuseofvocabulary.
inuseoflanguage;register,syntactic
variety,and
比賽樣題：
Sample
Writeapassagewhich
youagreeordisagreeu
developingeportopinionyourposition.
Newsweek,long
foraspotonconsumers’coffee12,
inanewdigitalekthistablet
edition
willtarget
tolearnaboutworld
buttabletedition
known
tables,hasshutdownitsprint
itasNewsweekeditor,
a“newhighly
mobile,
opinion-leading
”
audience
eventsinasophisticated
context.
Global.
edition
task1
below.Youshoulddiscuss
yourreasons
consider
theextent
toyoIn
waysinwhichther
s
howthese
considerations
shape
’
inresponsetothereport
withthereportandexplaintake.
fortheposition
andsupportingyourposition,youshould
mightormightnotholdtrueandexplain
Youshouldwriteabout800words.
weekly
publication
thevenerablethatwillberememberedforitsdecades-efforts
attheendof20
on
theNewswe
said,whowant
livesAsTinaBrown,
Themoveshouldent
ThenumbersersmillionMorethecompany
Newsweekher
willcontinueeath”digital
formats
notshock.Thepublicationhasfacedmajorfinancialproblemsinrecyears.
tellthetale:Newsweek’ｓcirculation
from
hasfalleninthenumberofsubscrib
3
to1.5millioninthelastdecade;annuallosseswerethoughttobe$40million.
broadly,
facesamoreexistential
inthedigital
problemworld.
inthata“weeklynews”magazine
thechallenge
inthedigital
hasbtime;otoutlets
ecomeananachronism
isnottheonlyonethathastotackle
tochangetheirbusinessmodels
of
foradigitalfuture.Withthe“imminentd
print,
comeoutasaninevitabledevelopmentthatcouldturntheindustry’ｓfo
rtunearound.
Sample
Readthefollowingontheissue.youropinion.
Tablets
task2
views,
andwrite
apassage
for
in
twoparagraphs
clearly
system
withcontradictingstate
youropinion
Youshouldandexplainthereasons
Youshouldwriteabout800words.
aretheideal
oforganization
inschools.
Theyareconvenient,
whichmuchinformationisstoredinsmallsizesandkepttogetherinoneplace,and
cheap,asdigitalcontinuesreliable.comesoon.
informationthe
isnowbecoming
world,
digital
moreaffordabledevicesprint
will
thanprint.become
Asevolutionand
more
torockSomeday,
modernmore
theywillentirelyreplacebooks,andhopefully,thatdaywill
Manymayarguethattabletseveryoneconductedstudentswrite
notes.
shares
thispreference
Industrytraditionalsome
may
aremuchmoreconvenientoftables
orfinds
thanpaperbooks.Butnot
themconvenient.itwasfoundtheycanhighlight
that
Infact,inastudy75%ofcollege
andthanthat
intablets
byBookpreferred
Also,
StudyGroup(BISG),
inwhichthat
textbookssuggest
thekeywords
itischeaperschoolsaround
That
toinvest
textbooks.thecostwas
Infact,ina2008studyoftextbooks
$988
andsupplies
ofpublictotaled
inKentucky$44million.isroughly
would
itwasestimatedThecostthecost
they
perschoolofonlyshould
twosum.not
aroundfortextbookstablets
andsupplies.
tablets
tablets.Toprovidetoallthestudents
thatwhile
inaschoolbeanenormous
Therefore,replace
wemayconcludehavetheirpurposes,
theprintedbooksusedinschools.
Writing)
600詞左右）。側(cè)重考查選手解說(shuō)食物、
闡明事理的能力，
類(lèi)型三
說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作（Expository
比賽內(nèi)容：選手完成一篇說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作（
以及運(yùn)用知識(shí)、觀察理解、梳理分析、提煉總結(jié)、跨文化溝通的綜合能力。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Expository
Content/Ideas
(40%)
?Writing?Writing?Writing?Writing
effectivelypresentsmaintains
Writing
thetopicandthetask;
addresses
aclearthesis;aformal
styleandanobjectiveandwell-developed,
illustration,
tone.using
appropriate
analysis,etc.)
to
iswell-organized
patterns
developmentprocess
Organization/Dev
elopment(30%)
support?Writing?Textualand/or
(e.g.,definition,casual
analysis,thethesisdisplayselements
classification,ortoillustratecoherence.
comparison/contrast,ideas;
consistencythrough
Progression,andunity;
logical
arewell-connectedexplicit
linguistictransitions.
?Spelling
Language(30%)
?Writing?Writingeffective
isaccurate;displays
consistent
facility
inuseoflanguage;register,
syntactic
variety,
and
demonstrates
appropriate
useofvocabulary.
比賽樣題：
Sample
Writefactors
apassageonwork
based
onthechart
Task1which
shows
theinfluencessummarize
ofvariousthefeatures
below,
performanceintwoagegroups.Youshould
ofthetwogroupsandmakecomparisons.Youshouldwriteabout600words.
Sample
Task2Write
apassage
tointroduce
theChinese
Moon
Festival
toforeigners.
writeabout600words.
Youshould
2015“‘外研社杯’全國(guó)英語(yǔ)閱讀大賽”樣題
一、2015年“‘外研社杯’全國(guó)英語(yǔ)閱讀大賽”比賽內(nèi)容包含四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)：PartⅠReadandKnow（讀以明己）PartⅡReadandReason（讀以察世）PartⅢReadandQuestion（讀以啟思）PartⅣReadandCreate（讀以言志）二、比賽樣題僅為三、大賽的模擬賽、同階段比賽有所變化。
四、大賽的初賽由參賽學(xué)校參考樣題內(nèi)容自行命題，組委會(huì)不做硬性規(guī)定。
五、“PartⅠReadandKnow（讀以明己）”部分不計(jì)成績(jī)，根據(jù)參賽選手打聽(tīng)情況給予個(gè)性化反饋。
六、“PartⅣ
ReadandCreate（讀以言志）”部分，組委會(huì)將在賽前公布大賽推薦閱讀書(shū)單。
2015年閱讀大賽賽題的內(nèi)容和形式樣例，并非完整試卷。復(fù)賽和決賽都將包含樣題的四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，
但各環(huán)節(jié)的賽題內(nèi)容和形式會(huì)根據(jù)不
PartIReadandKnow
Inthispart,youwillreadsomequestionsfastasyoucanandchoose
theanswer
aboutyourabilitiesorpersonalities.
yourself.
Readas
thatyouthinkbestdescribes
AreYouCharismatic?
Charisma
isthemagnetic
orprovidewhat
poweryouwithwant
thatattractswonderfultomakeabout
it
peopleoriginalbig
toyou.Itwon’ｔaffectideas,
If
butitremainspeople
who
thequalityoneofthedon’ｔeven
have
ofyourworkmost
vital
understand
talentsifyouinlife.
you’retalkingbelievethatyouareagenius,youwill
madeit.Thefollowingtestwilldecidewhetheryou’vegotwhatittakes.
1)DopeopleA.B.C.
findthemselvesattractedtoyou?
Yes,itcanbeembarrassingsometimes.
No,nomorethanotherpeople.Isuppose
theydoabit.
2)DoyoufindthatpeopleA.B.C.
No,never.Notthatoften.Allthetime.
agreewithyouregardlessofthequalityofyourarguments?
3)WouldyoufinditeasytoattractA.B.C.
No,notatall.Notveryeasy.
Yes,it’ｓreallynoproblem.
followers?
4)Doyoufindcasualdetail?
acquaintancesopenupandtellyoutheirlifestoriesinintimate
A.B.C....
Occasionally.Never.Happens
allthetime.Sometimes
Ijustcan’ｔgetaway.
PartIIReadandReason
Inthispart,carefullyinferences1.Among
youwillreadtextsanswer
the
ofdifferent
based
forms
andgenres.
Read
theinstructionsanalysis
and
andquestionsonyourcomprehension,
ofthetexts.thefourstatements
support
below,
onestatementIdentify
isthemainpoint,
andtheother
threearespecificsupport
withS.
bears
forthepoint.themainpointwithPandthespecific
___A.Hungry___B.Hiking
searchingdevelops
forfoodoftenthreatenquickly,
leaving
hikers
hikers.exposed
tostormsbecomes
andcold.slippery.
onthatmountaintrailcanbeverydangerous.
___C.Severeweather___D.Whenitrains,
thetrail,whichisverysteepatsomepoints,
2.Readlogically
thefollowingcartoon.Putaticksuggested
bythethreestatementsthataremost
basedontheinformationbythecartoon.
___A.Lucyhasjustcriticizedtheboy,Linus.
isvalid.
badly.constructive
criticism
___B.LinusfeelsLucy’ｓcriticism___C.Lucyfeelsveryguilty___D.Lucybutreject
doesn’ｔseem
thatLinushastakenhercriticismtorealize
thatpeople
mayaccept
destructivecriticism.believesbelieves
weshould
nevercriticize
others
others.
inaconstructive
way.
___E.Thecartoonist___F.Thecartoonist
it’ｓbesttocriticize
3.Readanextractquestion
ofanadvertisement.
tothetext.
Choosetheanswerwhichyouthinkfitseach
bestaccording
YoungEnvironmentalJournalistCompetition
HowtoEnter:
☆I(lǐng)fyou’reaged16-25,we’relookinganenvironmental2015.
☆Yourarticleoninformationreport☆
shouldfrom
show
proof
ofinvestigativeandphone
would
are
research,
rather
thanrelying
solely
orconservation
fororiginal
articles
of1,000words
(orless)with
theme.
Theclosing
dateforentries
is30December,
theInternetinalocalshould
interviews.beasvalidpassionate
Youdon’ｔhavetogofar.Aasapieceand
about
theremotest
aboutcreative
onpollutionYour
article
streamshow
rainforest.
you
knowledgeablewhile
being
environmentalenoughcolumns.
issues.Itshouldalsobeobjectiveandaccurate,
toholdthereader’ｓinterest.
betoadvancebeabletoconvey
contained
Wearenotlookingunderstandingcomplex
for“thinkpieces”oropinion
ofenvironmental
interest
☆Youraimshouldissues.
Youshould
andawareness
ideasofreadersarticles
ofthisgeneral
magazineinanengagingandauthoritativemanner.
willbechecked.
☆Factsorinformation
inshort-listed
☆Readtherulescarefully.
1)BeforeenteringA.conductedB.gained
forthecompetition,
research
youngpeoplemusthave_______.
somerelevantintheirlocalarearesearch
bythemselvesunder
research
aqualification
anumber
inexperimentalofspecialists
C.uncoveredD.consulted
someoftheevidenceintheresearchonthesubject
2)Thearticlessubmittedmust_______.
concepts
A.focusonstraightforwardB.include
arangeofviews
C.beaccessibleD.reveal
tonon-specialist
thewriter’ｓstandpoint
4.Readfollows.
thepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthat
(1)JohnnyAppleseed,oneofthegentlestandmostbelovedofAmericanfolkheroes,
wasbornin1774inLeominster,Massachusetts.(2)HisrealnamewasJohnChapman.(4)First,hisfatherandbabybrotherimproved
when
lefthometofightindiedbeforehisfather
John’ｓreturned
(3)Chapman’ｓearlylifewasfullofmisfortune.theRevolutionarysecond
birthday.
War.(5)ThenJohn’ｓmother(6)However,
John’ｓfortunes
andremarried,andbythetimeJohnwasinhisteens,hehadtenbrothersandsisters.
(7)Asayoungplant
theapple
man,Johnseeds
begantravelingcarried
westwith
onfoot,stoppingtoclearlandandJohn’ｓ
healwayshim.(8)Settlerswhofollowed
pathweredelightedtofindyoungappleorchardsdottingthelandscape.
(9)Johnwasafriendlyentertainingthroughinstance,terms
them
with
Pennsylvania,Johnreally
fellowstories
whooftenstoppedtovisitwithfamiliesalonghisway,
him(12)For
of
ofhistravels.(10)Talesofhisexploitsfollowed
Ohio,andIndiana.didtravel
barefoot
(11)Manyofthestoriesthrough
thesnow,
lived
weretrue.
onthefriendliest
withIndian
were
tribes,andrefused
(14)
toshootSettlersanyanimal.said,
(13)OthertalesaboutJohn,
that
heslept
inthehowever,treetops
exaggerations.
tothebirds
forexample,
andtalkedorthathehadoncebeencarried
offbyagianteagle.
(15)JohnnyAppleseedneverstoppedtraveling
untilhisdeath
inFortWayne,
in1845.
1)Sentence
1isastatementof_______.
A.fact
B.opinion
C.
factandopinion
2)Thedetails
insentences
4and5supportthepointorpointsin_______.
A.sentence1B.sentence2C.sentence3D.
sentence
6
3)Therelationshipbetweensentences3and6isoneof_______.
A.contrastB.addition
C.causeandeffectD.
comparison
4)Wecanconclude
thatJohnny
Appleseed
_______.
A.provided
applesfornumeroussettlers
B.wasquicklyforgottenbythesettlersC.grewwealthy
byselling
hisappletrees
D.
lefthomebecauseofproblems
withhisfamily
5)Thepassage
suggeststhatJohnnyAppleseed_______.
A.grewwearyoftraveling
B.hadgreatrespect
forotherpeopleandanimals
C.livedaveryshort
butrichlife
D.
planted
manytreesother
thanappletrees
6)Thetoneofthepassage
is_______.
A.pessimisticB.
bitter
andimpassioned
Indiana,
C.D.
amusedandexcited
withatouchofadmiration
straightforward
7)WhichisthemostappropriateA.B.C.D.
ThePlantingFolkHeroesSettlers
ofAmericanofAmerica
Johnny
titleforthisselection?Apple
Orchards
RecallAppleseed
TheLifeandLegend
the
passage
ofJohnChapman
Then
choose
the
best
answer
toeach
question
that
5.Readfollows.
below.
(1)Televisionwhichcitizens
hastransformed
ofresponsetelevisioncandidates.
politicstopolitics.
intheUnited
political
(2)Bygiving
Statescitizens
bychangingindependentparty
thewayinaccess
toof
information’patterns
isdisseminated,byalteringcampaigns,andbychanging
thecandidates,themajortelevision
party
diminishedtheroleofthepolitical
politics
intheselectionofthecandidate,
(3)Bycenteringonthepersonrather
accelerated
has
thecitizensaltered
the
’focusoncharacterforms
ofpolitical
thanissues.
aswell.
(5)The
(4)Televisionmessagesspeech,which
communicationthanthey
onwhichapolitical
mostofusrelyarebrieferspeech
given
bytraveling
oncewere.andlasting
(6)Thestump11/2to2hours,
way
tothe
(7)
politicians
characterizednineteenth-century
andtheforspeeches
politicaldiscourse,hasgiveninfront
30-secondIncreasinglybutrathernews.
advertisementtheaudiencetheviewing
10-second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.
isnotthatstandingofthepolitician
onthe
audiencewhowillhearandseeasnippetofthespeech
(8)Inthesediscourseestablishprobable
abbreviatedforms,much
lost.
ofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalaspeakercannotproposals
politicalcannotdetail
the
ofearlierageshasbeen
context
(9)In15or30seconds,
theissueexamine
inquestion,alternative
assert
thehistoricalcauses
thatshapedandcannot
oftheproblem,
toothers.
toargue
thatoneispreferable(10)Insnippets,politiciansbutdonotargue.
(11)Becausetelevision
style
isanintimatemedium,speaking
personal,
throughitrequiresa
changedpoliticalthatwasmorespeech.
conversational,
ontelevision
rather(14)
andvisualthanthat
our(13)
oftheold-stylepoliticalSchoolspolitics
worldteach
stump(12)Reliancemeansthan
thatincreasingly
words.
containsmemorable
wordsinformed
picturesandprint.citizenship
memorable
ustoanalyze
visual,
However,inaworldinwhich
isincreasinglyrequiresanewsetofskills.
(15)Recognizingevents,
thecalled
poweroftelevision
designed
’ｓpictures,
toattract
politiciansmedia
crafttelevisual,(16)Much
their
stagedpseudo-event,coverage.
ofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,
Sound
bites
innews
sound
like
andanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasingly
advertisements.
1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Citizensbecause
inthe
Unitedcoverage.
StatesStates
prefer
toseepoliticians
substantially
ontelevisionmore
instead
ofinsince
States
are
now
more
informed
about
political
issue
oftelevision
B.Citizensperson.
C.Politicstheintroduction
D.Politics
intheUnitedintheUnitedoftelevision.intheUnited
hasbecomecontroversial
Stateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision.
2)Theword“disseminated”insentence1isclosestinmeaningto_______.
A.analyzedB.discussedC.spreadD.stored3)Itcanbeinferred
thatbefore
theintroduction
oftelevision,
political
parties
_______.
A.hadmoreinfluenceB.spent
overtheselectionofpoliticalcandidates
moremoneytopromote
moremembersmoremoney
theirpoliticalcandidates
C.attractedD.received
4)Theauthormentionsthe“stumpspeech”insentencebypoliticians
toattract
6asanexampleof_______.
A.aneventcreatedB.aninteractive
mediaattention
discussion
common
betweentwopoliticians
ofthenineteenthpolitical
events
century
C.akindofpoliticalD.astyleofspeech
presentationtypical
totelevised
5)Theword“that”insentence7refersto_______.
A.audienceB.broadcastC.politicianD.advertisement
news
6)Accordingpolitical
A.allowingB.placingC.makingD.providing
tothepassage,ascomparedofpolitical
withtelevisedspeeches,traditional
discoursewasmoresuccessfulat_______.candidates
context
newscoveragepoliticalpolitics
issues
withinahistorical
seemmoreintimate
information
tocitizens
behavior
detailedaboutacandidate’ｓprivate
tosuggest
_______.providing
thatpoliticians
without
A.makeclaimsB.takestronger
reasonsfortheclaims
positionsonissuesthaninthepast
C.enjoyexplainingD.dislike
having
theissuetobroadcasterstoexplain
theirownpositions
onissues
tocitizens
8)Thepurpose
A.politiciansB.politicianspoliticians
ofparagraphwho
are
4istosuggestconsidered
very
that_______.morepersonalattractive
whenmeeting
citizens
over
arefavored
bycitizens
willneedtolearntobecome
whoarelessattractive
tendtofavorapoliticianwillneedinformed
tolearn
whoanalyzed
theissueoveronewhodidnotvisual
political
images
inorder
to
C.citizensD.citizensbecome
better
howtoevaluate
9)Whichofthefollowing
A.PoliticalB.Politicianspast.
C.CitizensD.Political
statementsissupportedbythepassage?
thaninthepast.ofcitizens
thaninthe
presentations
today
todayaremorelikeadvertisements
familiar
with
theviews
tendtobemore
todayarelessinformedspeeches
todayfocus
aboutapoliticianmoreondetails
’ｓcharacterthaninthepast.thaninthepast.
aboutissues
PartIIIReadandQuestion
Inthispart,
youwillreadabout
toidentify
related
orcontradictory
views
onavariety
ofissues.
of
Youwillberequiredthewriter’ｓpositionandevaluatetheeffectiveness
thewriter’ｓarguments.Readthefollowing
twopassages
andanswer
Passage
While
thequestions.A
stir
when
itwas
published
in1859,
OntheoriginofSpecies
thought
wasalmost
IttookRonaldwork
ofGregor
createdcompletely
agreat
Darwiniancentury.genetic
outofvoguebytheturnofthetwentieth
which
combinedselection,wasgenetic
built
theandupon
Fisher’ｓ“GreatSynthesis”ofthe1920s,Mendel
with
Darwin’ｓideas
about
naturalwhich
TheodosiusDobzhansky’ｓ“ModernSynthesis”ofthe1930s,with
genetics
within
aspecies
byfocusing
Fisher’ｓworkcould
onhowvariation
causetheoriginofanewspecies,tobegintorehabilitateDarwin.
Yet,whatisremarkablethemechanismswhatthinking
made
ishowveryprescient
proved
so
Darwin,workingwithout
Ernst
knowledgeof
ofheredity,tobe.Asprominentremarkable
was
his
biologistemphasis
Mayrnotes,“population
popularpersonalconstantly
Darwinian
contrasts
theoryon
”．ThistoJean-Baptistecentury,
which
Lamarck’ｓtheoryposited
ofevolution,
changedagiraffe
throughoutactions
and
thenineteenthwill.
thatindividuals
by
Lamarckiantheoryisoftenexemplified
children.
Suchexplanationsboreastrongresemblancetochildren’ｓfables(andindeed
Rudyardtheories).basedwhole.
Kipling’ｓlate-nineteenth-centuryWhere
Darwin
differed
JustSoStorieswasbuiltuponLamarckian
thatsignificantinthebreeding
orgoals
variationpopulation
wasnot
asabut
butrather
washisinsistence
withinNatural
oneparticularselection
individual,
wasnotbasedcharacter
ontheactionsofoneindividual,
variationsintheaverageofthespecies.
Passage
AsPeter
Bowler
points
out
in
his
aptly
Bnamed
TheNon-Darwinian
Darwinism
Revolution:
differentbecause
Reinterpreting
from
ofhistirelessAsaresultvehiclegarneredlectures.
aHistorical
oftoday.
publicofhis
Myth,nineteenth-century
Thomas
Huxley,forDarwinian
wasquite
theDarwinism“Darwin’ｓBulldog”，socalledthought,
exemplifies
century
campaigningadvocacy,
thought.
thisdifference.Huxley
wasthe
bytheendofthenineteenthNoted
science
fictionselection
writer
forDarwinianH.G.Wells,forinstance,
throughfocusing
Huxley’ｓonthe
allofhisinformationYetHuxley’ｓtheory
aboutnaturalvaried
andevolution
significantlyfromthatofDarwin,
willofhumankind.
toEvolution
IntheprefaceinheritancesocietytoomuchAccordingself-directedevolved
under
andEthics,Huxleywrote
who
were
itmustbedestroyed
inwhich
that“Wecannot
ofthecosmicbedestroyedevolution
that
dowithoutprocess;from
ourthe”ofhas
fromtheforefathersthepuppets
mustphysical
whichrenouncesfromwithout.Stilllesscanwedowith
within.
ofit;thesocietytoHuxley,
moral
itdominates
past
humankindevolution.
hasmovedHuxley,
then,selection
totherealmhumankind
acknowledgesandmustremain
thepressurefrom
ofnaturalawareofthefactorinthepath
be
be“destroyedthatNatureadapted
without”，butheargues
itwillbe“destroyed
thatasocietythatcontinues
hasplacedfromwithin”becauseitwillnolonger
toitself.
1)Based______.
ontheinformationinthepassage,RudyardKiplingmostlikelywrotestories
A.dedicatedproper
behavior
toenlighteninghumansbyusinganimalsaspositiveexamplesof
B.basedonfuturistic
individualstoexhibit
worldswhichwerepopulatedvariation
throughthinking
byevolvedthepower
subjects
oftheirdesirespopulations
thelives
of
C.featuringD.seekingE.portrayingchildren
developingtheeffects
ofpopulationinbreeding
theeffectsofparentalinheritancethroughexamining
2)Whichofthefollowing
A.Focusing
bestrepresents
evolution
Huxley’ｓbeliefs?
manasnothing
more
thana“puppet”of
onphysicalleaves
evolution
change.Darwinwill,
infavorofmoral
B.TheideasofCharlesC.Byexertingvariation
which
personal
neededvariationhumankind
tobecarefullydelineatedthroughsignificant,
lectureslastingwho
sothathisideasaboutindividualcouldbefullyunderstood.willbeabletoenactthebodies
willbedemonstratedthroughofthechildrenofthose
seekchange.
D.Whileconditionsbynatural
humankindofitsevolution,selection.
elements
ofDarwin’ｓtheory
toaccept
aboutevolution
ofthetheory
hadtobediscardedasawhole.
sothat
isinescapably
linked
toitsphysical
tooattached
past
andthematerial
itmustbewaryofbeingtothepathdictated
E.Certainthepublic
wouldbewillingthethrust
3)Whichagree
ofthefollowingwouldaligned
theauthorsofPassageAandPassageBmostlylikely
tobemostcloselyintheirthinking?
A.LamarckB.Kipling
andHuxley.andWells.
C.MayrandBowler.D.Mendel
andHuxley.
andWells.
E.Dobzhansky
4)Whichofthefollowing
A.Darwinfocused
B.
The
differedmodern
beliefs
statementssignificantly
aboutDarwinfrom
otherof
issupportedtheorists
bybothpassages?
because
hefrom
ofevolutionvaries
onbreedingpopulationsasawhole.
Darwin
significantly
understanding
nineteenth-centuryabouthistheories.
century
thatDarwinism
asweknow
itbegan
C.Itwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethtoemerge.
D.FictionDarwin.
E.Delineatingnatural
selection
thespecificproceeds.
inheritance
writers
were
particularly
interestedindisseminatingideasabout
ofthechildiscrucialtounderstandinghow
5)Whichofthefollowing
A.Thefirstpassageback
intime,
while
bestrepresentsbegins
thedifferencebetweenthetwopassages?
andmovesandmoves
withcurrentpassage
understandings
with
older
ofDarwinismunderstanding
thesecondbegins
forwardintime.
thefirstthe
passage
focuses
onthedifferencetraces
differences
betweenbetween
twotwo
theoriesindividual
of
B.Whileevolution,interpreters
secondparagraph
ofevolution.
passage
introduces
ageneralofthattheory,
theory,while
offers
specific
evidence,
and
C.Thefirstthenconsidersconsider
theramificationsthesecondpassagedoesnot
theramifications
passage
oftheevidenceisconcerned
with
itrepresents.demonstrating
away
inwhich
Darwin
is
D.Thefirst
differed
fromoneofhiscontemporaries.
provides
ahistoricalcenters
retrospectiveononeparticular
oftheprimaryinterpreter.
interpreters
E.ThefirstpassageofDarwin,
andthesecondpassage
6)Basedwould
ontheinformation
Huxley
inPassageB,which
to?
ofthefollowingclaimsinPassageA
Thomasbemostlikelytoobjecttotruly
understanddeveloped
A.Itisimpossiblemodern
genetic
theory.
naturalselectionwithoutthebenefitof
B.Itislikelythatthegiraffestretched
ittogainaccess
are
different
alongneckduetothefactthatitconstantly
tofood.ways
tounderstand
how
evolution
functions
tochange
C.Thereindividuals.
D.Variationsintheproper
E.Allowinghumankind.
intheaverage
ofman.selection
characterofapopulationarethemostcrucialfactor
evolutionnatural
todominateoursocietywillleadtothedestructionof
7)Whichofthefollowingofvariation?
situationsismostcloselyanalogoustotheLamarckianmode
A.AnadultbirdtriestochangeB.Seekingwoositsmate.
C.Agiraffetraditionally
’ｓbodily
in.
shape
tomorally
adapt
theenvironmentforthebenefitachimpanzee
ofitschildren.changes
thewayit
toitsenvironment,
changesbecauseitisunabletofitintothecavesit
sleeps
D.Becausewhileothers
ofachangeintheenvironment,anumberofchimpanzeesdieout
thriveandpassontheirgenes.
for
salmon
with
its
mouth
wide
open,
abear
gradually
E.Becausedevelops
ithunts
astrainingmechanismbetweenitsteeth.
PartIVReadandCreate
Inthispart,youwillberequiredgeneral
reading.
Youshould
write
towrite
ashort
essay
onagiventopic
based
onyour
withclarity,logicandcreativity.
topics.
inaction.
Givea
and
1.Writeanessayofabout
1)Hamletcharacterdelay.
200wordsononeofthefollowing
mood
ischaracterized
ofHamlet
byhismelancholicandlistthepossible
anddelay
analysisreasonsforhismelancholy
2)ATaleofTwoCitiescanberegardednovelstronglywell
asofguilt,
concernedshame
with
themes
What
asahistoricalnovel,amoralnovelanda
as
ofresurrection,isyour
redemptionandpatriotism,
andlove.understandingofthethemesofthe
novel?
2.Readtheessayofabout200words.
below.
Answer
oneofthefollowing
questions
bywriting
anessay
OfStudies
Studies
servefordelight,
andretiring;
one
by
forornament,forornament,
Forthe
one;
but
andforability.isindiscourse;expertgeneral
men
canTheir
chiefusefordelight,
isintheplots
and
isinprivatenessjudgmentjudge
andforability,execute,
and
the
anddispositionofbusiness.andperhaps
ofparticulars,
ofaffairsissloth;
counsels,
marshallinginstudieswholly
comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtime
tousethemtoomuchforornament
ofascholar.forth
directions
isaffection;
nature
tomakejudgmentandareperfected
bystudy,they
be
except
bytheirrulesisthehumor
fornaturalthemselves
abilitiesdogiveCrafty
Theyperfect
plants,toomuchstudies,
byexperience:andstudiesboundedwise
arelikenaturalthatneedpruningatlarge,
inbyexperience.mencontemn
nottheir
simplemenadmireisawisdom
them,andwithoutnorto
menusethem,fortheyteachownuse;butthat
themandabovethem,wonbyobservation.believeSome
andtakeforgranted;books
aretobetasted,
others
Readnottocontradictandconfuse;
nortofindtalkanddiscourse;
tobeswallowed,
buttoweighandconsider.
andsomefewtobechewed
others
toberead,
but
anddigested;notcuriously;Some
books
thatissomebooksandsome
aretobereadonlyinparts;
wholly,
andwith
made
fewtobeready
bydeputyimportant
diligenceandattention.
but
alsomaybereadbeonlyinthelessbooksmakes
andextractsarguments,
waters,aready
ofthembyothers;
sort
thatwouldelsedistilled
Reading
andthemeanerflashyman;
things.andwriting
memory;
ofbooks;
are,likecommondistilled
afullman;conference
little,
anexactman.
Andtherefore,little,
ifamanwritehehadneedhaveagreatwit;
andifhereaddeep;moral
little,
ifheconfer
hehadneedhaveapresent
toseem
toknowsubtle;
natural
hehadneedhavemuch
poets
witty;
the
logic
andrhetoric
ableto
cunningthathedothnot.Histories
philosophy
makemenwise;grave;
mathematicscontend.
Abeuntstudiainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,but
maybewroughtexercises.gentlewandering,awayneverdifferences,
outbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateshooting
forthelungs
andbreast;
Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;
riding
themathematics;
again.
walkingforthestomach;forthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’ｓwitbe
forindemonstrations,
ifhiswitbecalled
orfind
lethimstudysolittle,
hemustbeginIfhiswitbenotapttodistinguish
sectores.
lethimstudytheschoolmen;fortheyarecymini
toprove
Ifhebenotaptanother,
receipt.canwelearn
lethim
tobeatovermatters,andtocalluponething
Soeverydefect
andillustrate
studythelawyers’cases.1)Wearenowliving
ofthemindmayhaveaspecial
explosion”．Whatlessons”
intheageof“information
information
fromBacon’ｓ“OfStudies”toaccess2)Inwhatsensedoesreading
makeafullman?
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