學(xué)英語作文共8篇
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活中，大家最不陌生的就是作文了吧，寫作文是培養(yǎng)人們的觀察力、聯(lián)想力、想象力、思考力和記憶力的重要手段。寫起作文來就毫無頭緒？以下是小編精心整理的學(xué)英語作文8篇，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
學(xué)英語作文 篇1
My father is a medium size moderate, wear a pair of myopia glasses, looks very serious. In fact, my father is very kind, also very lively. He likes watching sports, love to play badminton, and the biggest interest is reading a book. He often said to me "books are human's good friends", and encouraged me to read more. He also taught me can't lie, or else, would like him to become near-sighted.
My father is very capable, manual work is very strong. Hydropower equipment is broken in the home, he can be repaired. He conscientiously, also strict with my work seriously, don't careless.
My father can do. I love to eat crabs and he does braised chicken wings.
In my eyes, father kind, competent, I love my father.
我的爸爸個子中等，體形適中，戴著一副近視眼鏡，樣子看上去很嚴(yán)肅。其實，我的爸爸很和藹，也很活潑。他喜歡看體育節(jié)目，愛打羽毛球，而最大的興趣是看書。他常常對我說“書是人類的好朋友”，并鼓勵我多看書。他還教我不能躺著看，不然，就會象他那樣變成近視眼。
我的爸爸很能干，手工活很強。家里的'水電用具壞了，他都能自己修好。他做事認(rèn)真，也嚴(yán)格要求我認(rèn)真做事，不要馬虎。
我爸爸還能做一手好菜。我最愛吃他做的螃蟹和紅燒雞翅膀。
在我眼里，爸爸可親、能干，我愛我的爸爸。
學(xué)英語作文 篇2
war, the most dangerous threat the world
提綱
1. 目前世界面臨的最大危險是戰(zhàn)爭。
2. 原因是……
3. 如何才能避免戰(zhàn)爭。
our world today is faced with many major threats. the most dangerous threat of all is war. each war starts for a particular reason, but there are a number of steps countries can take to prevent its outbreak.
on main reason for war is the difference in ideology. in order to control the world, capitalist countries never stop trying to tam over the communist governments. land ownership is also a reason that countries declare wars on their neighbors. for eample, if oil is found on the land in one country, that land may be claimed by another country, for historical reasons, and the latter is likely to declare war in order to recover the land containing oil.
to prevent the mutual slaughter of human beings, countries shouldtry to solve their differences through international organizations such as the united nations or by other peaceful means. in addition, the world people should never stop condemning those warmongers and send them to their graves if they dare launch new wars.
學(xué)英語作文 篇3
A cover letter
Dear Sirs,
In reply to your advertisement in today's China Daily, I am now writing to apply for the position of sales manager.
I am a male, currently 24 years old. I graduated from Peking University and majored in international trade. At college, I have passed CET-6. Besides, I joined various kinds of social activities and organizations in my spare time, which have greatly developed my ability of dealing with complicated situations.
I hope I can get an opportunity for a personal interview. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Liu Jun
學(xué)英語作文 篇4
寫作在英語學(xué)習(xí)中是培養(yǎng)和提高語言能力的有效手段，它有助于鞏固和掌握所學(xué)詞匯、語法等語言知識，有助于訓(xùn)練直接用所學(xué)語言進行思維，有利于提高駕馭語言的能力。中學(xué)生該如何寫好英語作文呢？
一、寫作步驟要把握好
一篇英語作文，掌握一定的寫作技巧，應(yīng)把握以下幾個步驟：
1．認(rèn)真審題立意，定文章之靈魂。
對命題作文必須認(rèn)真審題，對自由作文必須立好意。文章要有明確的主題，必須具備4個條件：準(zhǔn)確、鮮明、深刻、集中。我們以一篇命題作文“The English teacher I Admire Most”為例,文章的主題是關(guān)于記敘我最欣賞的一位英語老師，因而就不能泛泛談?wù)摾蠋熯@一職業(yè)或自己的幾位老師。
2．草擬提綱，打造文章之骨架。
審好題，立好意后，就要寫提綱，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好層次段落，鋪設(shè)好過渡，處理好開頭和結(jié)尾。如命題作文中有提示句，還要從提示句的關(guān)鍵詞出發(fā)，圍繞關(guān)鍵詞開拓思路，發(fā)揮聯(lián)想，記錄下聯(lián)想到的東西，可以是句子或單詞、詞組，可以是英語或漢語。以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”為例，提綱可以這樣寫:
1）Who is the English teacher I admire most
2) My reasons
3) What can I learn from the teacher
3．寫出段落主題句，理清文章之脈絡(luò)。
一篇短文的段落一般分為引導(dǎo)段、主題段和結(jié)尾段。每段的主題句非常重要，是作者思維的起點，切題的準(zhǔn)繩，闡述的對象�？吹蕉温渲黝}句，讀者可以大致了解該段落要闡述的內(nèi)容。段落主題句通常是一個語法結(jié)構(gòu)完整、內(nèi)容概括、用詞簡潔明了的單句。通常將段落主題句置于段落的開頭，可使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更清晰，有說服力。
4．參照提綱，緊扣主題句，完成各段落，充實文章之血肉
有了段落主題句后，還需要順著段落主題句的方向，參照提綱中的思路，從而完成各個段落。引導(dǎo)段要能引起讀者的注意和興趣，為主題段鋪路架橋。主題段應(yīng)圍繞文章和該段的主題來展開。展開的方式包括：順序法、舉例法、比較法、對比法、說明法、因果法、推導(dǎo)法、歸納法和下定義等。可以根據(jù)需要任選一種或幾種方式。還是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”為例，主題段中就能用到舉例法、說明法、因果法等。
進行這一步驟還需注意三方面問題：1）確保提綱中段落結(jié)構(gòu)的思路與各段主題句的一致性。只有這樣，才能保證所寫段落不偏題，不跑題。2）要綜合考慮各個段落的內(nèi)容安排，避免段落內(nèi)容的交叉。3）用好連接詞，注意段落間、句子間的連貫性。要做到所寫文章層次分明，思路清晰，文字連貫，就需要在句與句之間，段與段之間架起一座座橋梁，而連接詞起的正是橋梁作用。
二、增加文采小竅門
如果說第一、二步驟是對文章的構(gòu)思，第三、四步驟則是真正地“寫”了，用詞是否貼切，文法是否正確，句式是否多變，文采是否有生氣，關(guān)系到寫作者的語言功底和水平，但也有些竅門，以下這幾點可以供你參考。
1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一兩個句式，要靈活運用各種句式。如倒裝句、強調(diào)句、省略句、主從復(fù)合句、對比句、分詞短語、介詞短語等。
2．使用不同長度的句子，通過分句和合句，增強句子的連貫性和表現(xiàn)力。
3．改變句子的開頭方式，不要一味以主、謂、賓、狀的次序�？梢园褷钫Z置于句首，或用分詞短語等。
4．學(xué)會使用過渡詞。如：
1）遞進：further more, moreover, besides, in addition, then等等。
2）轉(zhuǎn)折：however, but, nevertheless, after all等等。
3）總結(jié)：finally, at last, in brief, to conclude.
4）強調(diào)：really, indeed, certainly, surely, above all等等。
5）對比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand等等。
5．避免重復(fù)使用同一單詞或詞組。
6．注意運用固定詞組、習(xí)語、諺語來代替一些詞表達意思，以增加文采。
三、把好檢查最后一關(guān)
1．是否切題。分三點看：一是整篇文章內(nèi)容是否切合文章標(biāo)題要求；二是段落主題句的內(nèi)容是否與各段落提示句內(nèi)容相一致；三是段落內(nèi)部的內(nèi)容是否與段落主題句的表達相一致。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)任何一個層面不切題，應(yīng)該盡可能彌補，刪除那些多余的或不切題的地方，但切忌動“大手術(shù)”。
2．是否連貫。檢查上下文是否連貫，句子銜接是否自然流暢，檢驗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是句子是否通暢，該用連詞的地方用了沒有，所用的連詞是否合適。
3．是否有語法錯誤。主謂是否一致，動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的使用是否正確，詞組的搭配是否合乎習(xí)慣。還是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”為例，根據(jù)此標(biāo)題，文章肯定用第一人稱“I”寫，一般性的描述用現(xiàn)在時，舉過去的事例用過去時。
4．是否有大小寫、拼寫、標(biāo)點錯誤。注意卷面整潔。要提高寫作水平，最根本的是要大量實踐，必須多讀多寫，注意博覽和精讀相結(jié)合，甚至可以適當(dāng)背誦一些名句名篇。另外，還可選些范文，悉心領(lǐng)悟，多加模仿，以逐步達到運用自如。
迎新年英語寫作范文
January 1st is considered as the New Year's Day.most companies,shops,school,and government offices are closed during that time.People prepare for New Year's Dayfrom late December.Firt,people spend a few days to clean their houses completely.Some families then put up some new painting from November to be sent in January.
The New Year's meal is also prepared from the end of ecember.During the New Year's Day,people usually do not cook and relax at home. On New Year's Eve,it is common to have a bag dinner with family members or friends at home or in hotels and hear bells which informs us of the coming New Year.New Year's Day is one of important days for many people in the word during the year.
Most people spend the New Year'sDay in hotels.On New Year's Day,people fiest greet each other. Some people wear new coats and visit temples to pray for happiness and health theoughout the New Year.Children are busy with getting the gifts from their parents and relatives.
，學(xué)英語的好網(wǎng)站，好的英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，英語
英語寫作：甲流英語寫作（2）
英語寫作：甲流
英語寫作（2）
Let's prevent H1N1 from happening to usDuring the last few months,H1N1 ful has set off across the whole world.If we have the right way to prevent it ,it won't scare.Here are some suggestions for you:First of all,you should cover your mouth with a napkin whtn you cough re sneeze,Next you'd better stay away from the public place if possible, if you have to,please wear a mask.Wash your hands carefully before meals and always keep your windows open so that the air will be fresh.At last,try to do more excisice to make your body strong so that you can stay in health.I think this is the most important.
最近這幾個月里，H1N1病毒在全世界引發(fā)起來。如果我們用正確的方法預(yù)防它，免費學(xué)英語網(wǎng)站，它就不會那么可怕。這里有一些為你的建議：首先，當(dāng)你在咳嗽或者打噴嚏的時候，你應(yīng)該用手捂著嘴。然后你最好盡可能的離公共場所遠一點，如果你必須去，免費英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，請戴上口罩。飯前仔細(xì)洗手，經(jīng)常打開窗后這樣使空氣保持清新。最后你應(yīng)該做更多的運動去使你身體更強壯，這樣你就可以保持健康了。我認(rèn)為這才是最重要的。
英語寫作：Freedom in my Dream
H1N1 influenza, since the claws reached into the earth and stuck it into our world caused great sensation. From Moscow, the United States, Japan, ... ... to China, have spared, showing the speed of its spread. While we use some of the medical technology we have can be prevented, you can cure, but it is still scary. The most laughable thing is that some people thus do not eat pork. However, these are not the focus of my concern, I am concerned, I am sad is:
When we state the first to be infected were found, one who returned from abroad Sichuanese, I heard mostly blame everyone, it makes me sad exception. Had returned from abroad is a good thing, is between the happy event. But because even not aware of being infected was a complete mess of things hands and become pieces of sad things. At first, I think we should sorry for him, should go to help him. However, many people said: "In the U.S., do not come back Well!" "We also are engaged in a state of panic." ... ...
So I write this, would like to call everyone together for their fuel.
Unfortunately, they are infected, and now has been isolated, they can not see their loved ones, they have lost freedom, they are very painful, very unwilling. So let us give them the courage to give them strength! Let us wish them a speedy recovery!
H1N1流感，自從這個魔爪伸進地球，伸進我們的世界就引起了極大的轟動。從莫斯科，美國，學(xué)習(xí)英語的網(wǎng)站，日本……到我們中國，無一幸免，可見其傳播速度之快。雖然我們利用我們己有的醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)，可以預(yù)防，可以根治，但是卻還是令人恐慌。最可笑的是，有人因此而不吃豬肉。然而，這些都不是我關(guān)注的焦點，令我關(guān)注的，令我傷心的是：
當(dāng)我們國家的第一個被傳染者被發(fā)現(xiàn)時，就是那個從國外回來的四川人，我聽到的大部分都是大家的苛責(zé)，這令我異常難過。原本從國外回來，是件好事，是間喜事。卻因為連自己也不知道被傳染的事攪的得一塌糊涂，成了件悲事。原本我想我們應(yīng)該為他難過，應(yīng)該去幫助他。然而，很多人卻說：“在國外就不要回來嘛!”“還搞的'我們?nèi)诵幕袒痰��！薄?/p>
所以我寫這篇，學(xué)英語的好網(wǎng)站，想呼吁大家，一起為他們加油。
他們不幸感染上了，現(xiàn)在被隔離，他們不能見到自己的親人，好的英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，他們失去了自由，他們也很痛苦，很不甘。所以讓我們給他們勇氣，給他們力量!讓我們一起祝愿他們早日康復(fù)!
英語寫作：Freedom in my Dream
最精彩的譯文英文名篇－《青春》
Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being‘s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what‘s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.
青春
青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉意志，恢宏想
象，炙熱戀情；青春是生命深泉在涌流。
青春氣貫長虹，勇銳蓋過怯弱，進取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，，學(xué)習(xí)英語的網(wǎng)站，方墮暮年。
歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹廢必致靈魂。憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。
無論年屆花甲，擬或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂，奇跡之誘惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一臺天線，只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂、勇氣和力量信號，你就青春永駐，，風(fēng)華常存。
一旦天線下降，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生，即使年方二十，實已垂垂老矣；然則只要樹起天線，捕捉樂觀信號，你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時仍覺年輕。
經(jīng)典美文：差距 英漢雙語
John and Bobby joined a wholesale company togther just after graduation from college the same year. Both worked very hard. After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to theposotion of manager but John remained an ordinary employee. John could not take it anymore, tendered his resignation to the boss and complained the boss did not know how to delegate and did not value hard working staff, but only promoted those who flattered him.
約翰和博比同年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，被同一家批發(fā)公司錄用。他們二人工作都很努力。然而，幾年后，老板提拔博比為部門經(jīng)理，而約翰還是一名普通員工。約翰再也無法忍受，學(xué)習(xí)英語的網(wǎng)站，沖動之下寫了一封辭職信，并抱怨老板不會用人，不重用那些敬業(yè)的員工，只提升那些奉承他的人。
The boss knew that John worked very hard for the years. He thought a moment and said, "Thank you for your criticism, but I have a request. I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you will change your decision and take back your resignation."
老板知道這幾年約翰工作確實很努力。他想了一會兒說：“謝謝你對我的批評。但是我只有一個請求，我希望在你離開之前再為公司做一件事情�；蛟S到時你會改變決定，收回辭呈。”
John agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelon in the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelon. The boss asked how much per kg? John shook his head and went back to the market to ask and returned to inform the boss $1.2 per kg.
約翰答應(yīng)了。 老板讓他去市場找到一個賣西瓜的人。約翰去了并很快回來。他說他找到了一個賣西瓜的人。老板問他每公斤多少錢？約翰搖搖頭，回到市場去問，然后又回來告訴老板每公斤1.2美元。
Boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to come to his office. He asked Bobby to go and find anyone seling watermelon in the market. Bobby went, returned and said, boss, only one person selling watermelon. $1.2 per kg, $10 for 10kg, he has inventory of 340 melons. On the table 58 melons, every melon weights about 2 kg, bought from the South two days ago, they are fresh and red, good quality.
老板讓約翰等一會兒，這時他把博比叫到辦公室。他讓博比去市場找到一個賣西瓜的人。博比去了，回來之后說：“老板，只有一個賣西瓜的人，每公斤1.2美元，每10公斤賣10美元。這個人一共有340個西瓜，其中58個放在貨架上，每個西瓜重約2公斤，免費學(xué)英語網(wǎng)站，都是兩天前從南方運來的，新鮮，紅瓤，質(zhì)量好。”
John was very impresed and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to resign but to learn from Bobby.
約翰受到很大的觸動，他意識到自己與博比之間的差距。他決定收回辭呈并向博比學(xué)習(xí)。
My dear friends, a more successful person is more observant, thinks more and explores in depth. Chances exists in the daily details. For the same matter, a more successful person sees more and farther so that he can find out an opportunity and catch it to realize his aim. If a person sees one year ahead, while another sees only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365times, how could you win?
親愛的朋友們，成功的人更善于觀察，好的英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，勤于思考和孜孜探求。機遇就存在于生活的細(xì)節(jié)中。同樣的一件事，一個成功的人會看得更多更遠。有人看到一年后的情景，而你只看到明天。一年與一天的差距是365倍，你怎么能贏呢？
學(xué)英語作文 篇5
may first is a sunday. and it is the labor’s day. my mother said to me :“open your eyes!and look out of the window. what a fine day! let’s go to park,” so my mother, my classmate and i went to the park.
we took some foods in my schoolbag. on the way to the park. i saw the blue sky with snow-white clouds. i saw pear trees and some apple trees and so on. below the trees, there are several kinds of flowers. it’s colorful, blue, red, yellow, pink, purple, orange and white. i saw some balloons and butterflies in the sky. i ate popcorn, cornflakes, banana and lollipop. they were wonderful.
in the afternoon, we went to the zoo. i visited the birds, mice, cats, dogs, budgies, hamsters, rabbits and so on.
may day is my favorite day!
學(xué)英語作文 篇6
With the development of the modern technology，private car is no longer a luxurious thing for ordinary people，more and more people drive to work instead of going by bus. The popularization of private car has many advantages.First， it is very convenient and time-saving ，you can drive your own car to the workplace instead of waiting for the crowded bus and afraid of being late for working.Second，it can also improve the traffic structure，and help to mitigate the stress of the traffic.Third， the popularization of private car can help to promote the car industry and any other interrelated industries. I believe that in the future the private car will become the most important vehicle and we cann't live without it.
隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，私人汽車對于普通人來說不再是一件奢侈的事情，越來越多的.人開車去上班而不是乘公共汽車。私人汽車的普及有很多優(yōu)點。首先，它是非常方便和節(jié)省時間，你可以駕駛自己的汽車去工作而不是等著擁擠的公共汽車和上班遲到。第二，它也能改善交通結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于緩解交通壓力。第三，私人汽車的普及可以幫助促進汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)和其他相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)。我相信在未來的私家車將成為最重要的交通工具，我們不能沒有它。
學(xué)英語作文 篇7
老爸是我最佩服的人，我佩服他學(xué)習(xí)英語的刻苦精神。
爸爸滿臉的青春痘，但絲毫不影響他的帥氣，一張國字臉上有一雙炯炯有神的大眼睛，挺拔的鼻梁，和一張能說會道的嘴巴。
爸爸的愛好很廣泛，尤其熱愛英語。有一次，我正在房間里大聲朗讀英語，不知什么時候爸爸突然冒了出來，說：“英語真的很好聽啊，真不愧是******用語言，我也來學(xué)一學(xué)，要不然就落伍了�！庇谑�，爸爸就讓我當(dāng)他的“英語老師”，虛心地問我應(yīng)該怎么讀。剛一開始，爸爸讀得很難聽，就像外星人說話似地，可能連外星人都聽不懂吧�？砂职譀]有被困難嚇倒，天天早晨早起二十分鐘，一邊聽磁帶，一邊大聲朗讀。過了一段時間，在我和爸爸的艱苦努力下，爸爸的英語終于有了很大的進步。
老爸學(xué)習(xí)英語有一個最大的困難，就是容易遺忘。為了記住更多的英語單詞，老爸苦思冥想，終于想到了一個好辦法，他幾乎把家里所有的'東西上都貼滿了紙條，紙條上寫著相應(yīng)的英語單詞。這樣，老爸在拿什么東西的時候，就會把這個單詞念出來。長時間后，老爸果然記住了很多單詞。
這就是我的愛學(xué)英語的老爸。
學(xué)英語作文 篇8
i am only a philosopher, and there is only one thing that a philosopher can be relied on to do. you know that the function of statistics has been ingeniously described as being the refutation of other statistics. well, a philosopher can always contradict other philosophers. in ancient times philosophers defined man as the rational animal; and philosophers since then have always found much more to say about the rational than about the animal part of the definition. but looked at candidly, reason bears about the same proportion to the rest of human nature that we in this hall bear to the rest of america, europe, asia, africa, and polynesia. reason is one of the very feeblest of natures forces, if you take it at any one spot and moment. it is only in the very long run that its effects become perceptible. reason assumes to settle things by weighing them against one another without prejudice, partiality, or ecitement; but what affairs in the concrete are settled by is and always will be just prejudices, partialities, cupidities, and ecitements. appealing to reason as we do, we are in a sort of a forlorn hope situation, like a small sand-bank in the midst of a hungry sea ready to wash it out of eistence. but sand-banks grow when the conditions favor; and weak as reason is, it has the unique advantage over its antagonists that its activity never lets up and that it presses always in one direction, while mens prejudices vary, their passions ebb and flow, and their ecitements are intermittent. our sand-bank, i absolutely believe, is bound to grow, -- bit by bit it will get dyked and breakwatered. but sitting as we do in this warm room, with music and lights and the flowing bowl and smiling faces, it is easy to get too sanguine about our task, and since i am called to speak, i feel as if it might not be out of place to say a word about the strength of our enemy.
our permanent enemy is the noted bellicosity of human nature. man, biologically considered, and whatever else he may be in the bargain, is simply the most formidable of all beasts of prey, and, indeed, the only one that preys systematically on its own species. we are once for all adapted to the military status. a millennium of peace would not breed the fighting disposition out of our bone and marrow, and a function so ingrained and vital will never consent to die without resistance, and will always find impassioned apologists and idealizers.
not only are men born to be soldiers, but non-combatants by trade and nature, historians in their studies, and clergymen in their pulpits, have been wars idealizers. they have talked of war as of gods court of justice. and, indeed, if we think how many things beside the frontiers of states the wars of history have decided, we must feel some respectful awe, in spite of all the horrors. our actual civilization, good and bad alike, has had past war for its determining condition. great-mindedness among the tribes of men has always meant the will to prevail, and all the more so if prevailing included slaughtering and being slaughtered. rome, paris, england, brandenburg, piedmont, -- soon, let us hope, japan, -- along with their arms have made their traits of character and habits of thought prevail among their conquered neighbors. the blessings we actually enjoy, such as they are, have grown up in the shadow of the wars of antiquity. the various ideals were backed by fighting wills, and where neither would give way, the god of battles had to be the arbiter. a shallow view, this, truly; for who can say what might have prevailed if man had ever been a reasoning and not a fighting animal? like dead men, dead causes tell no tales, and the ideals that went under in the past, along with all the tribes that represented them, find to-day no recorder, no eplainer, no defender.
but apart from theoretic defenders, and apart from every soldierly individual straining at the leash, and clamoring for opportunity, war has an omnipotent support in the form of our imagination. man lives by habits, indeed, but what he lives for is thrills and ecitements. the only relief from habits tediousness is periodical ecitement. from time immemorial wars have been, especially for non-combatants, the supremely thrilling ecitement. heavy and dragging at its end, at its outset every war means an eplosion of imaginative energy. the dams of routine burst, and boundless prospects open. the remotest spectators share the fascination. with that awful struggle now in progress on the confines of the world, there is not a man in this room, i suppose, who doesnt buy both an evening and a morning paper, and first of all pounce on the war column.
a deadly listlessness would come over most mens imagination of the future if they could seriously be brought to believe that never again in saecula saeculorum would a war trouble human history. in such a stagnant summer afternoon of a world, where would be the zest or interest ?
this is the constitution of human nature which we have to work against. the plain truth is that people want war. they want it anyhow; for itself; and apart from each and every possible consequence. it is the final bouquet of lifes fireworks. the born soldiers want it hot and actual. the non-combatants want it in the background, and always as an open possibility, to feed imagination on and keep ecitement going. its clerical and historical defenders fool themselves when they talk as they do about it. what moves them is not the blessings it has won for us, but a vague religious ealtation. war, they feel, is human nature at its uttermost. we are here to do our uttermost. it is a sacrament. society would rot, they think, without the mystical blood-payment.
we do ill, i fancy, to talk much of universal peace or of a general disarmament. we must go in for preventive medicine not for radical cure. we must cheat our foe, politically circumvent his action, not try to change his nature. in one respect war is like love, though in no other. both leave us intervals of rest; and in the intervals life goes on perfectly well without them, though the imagination still dallies with their possibility. equally insane when once aroused and under headway, whether they shall be aroused or not depends on accidental circumstances. how are old maids and old bachelors made? not by deliberate vows of celibacy, but by sliding on from year to year with no sufficient matrimonial provocation. so of the nations with their wars. let the general possibility of war be left open, in heavens name, for the imagination to dally with. let the soldiers dream of killing, as the old maids dream of marrying. but organize in every conceivable way the practical machinery for making each successive chance of war abortive. put peace-men in power; educate the editors and statesmen to responsibility; -- how beautifully did their trained responsibility in england make the venezuela incident abortive! seize every pretet, however small, for arbitration methods, and multiply the precedents; foster rival ecitements and invent new outlets for heroic energy; and from one generation to another, the chances are that irritations will grow less acute and states of strain less dangerous among the nations. armies and navies will continue, of course, and will fire the minds of populations with their potentialities of greatness. but their officers will find that somehow or other, with no deliberate intention on any ones part, each successive incident has managed to evaporate and to lead nowhere, and that the thought of what might have been remains their only consolation.
the last weak runnings of the war spirit will be punitive epeditions. a country that turns its arms only against uncivilized foes is, i think, wrongly taunted as degenerate. of course it has ceased to be heroic in the old grand style. but i verily believe that this is because it now sees something better. it has a conscience. it knows that between civilized countries a war is a crime against civilization. it will still perpetrate peccadillos, to be sure. but it is afraid, afraid in the good sense of the word, to engage in absolute crimes against civilization.
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