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PETS寫作-開頭的寫作技巧
1． 開頭技巧一：名人名言開頭引用名人不僅能夠作為很好的切入點展開話題，而且還能夠顯示考生深厚的英語功底。可能有的考生會疑惑：“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”一般來說，引用名人名言不一定要記住每個單詞才行。如果考生能夠記住大致的內(nèi)容，也可以引用。引用名人名言的經(jīng)典句型：
A proverb says, “you are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于只記住大致意思的名言）
更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, no one can deny that…
我們?yōu)榭忌偨Y(jié)了一些考生常用的名人名言，附在本節(jié)后面，供考生記憶使用。
2． 開頭技巧二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計
要想使自己的論證更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試考生只需要記住一個大概得數(shù)據(jù)即可。所以不妨試用下面的句型：
Ａccording to a recent survey, about 78.9％ of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
除以上兩種特殊用法以外，我們?yōu)榭忌砹艘韵麻_頭常用句型，供考生參考：
文章開頭句型：
1． 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,
適用于有爭議性的主題.
例如
1） When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ... But I think/view a bit differently.
2） When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the proffer/latter ...)
3） Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
2． 現(xiàn)象法 引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問題, 然后評論 .
1） Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
2） Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention)
3）Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
3． 觀點法 ----開門見山,直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲎约簩σ懻摰膯栴}的看法.
1） Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/popular than...
2） Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
3） Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
4） Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
4． 引用法 ----- 先引出有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!
1） "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
2）"........." How often we hear such statements/words like those/this. In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".
5． 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現(xiàn)在兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較, 引出文章要討論的觀點.
1） For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
2） People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.
6． 故事法 ---- 先講一個較短的故事來引發(fā)讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.
1） Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of... has aroused public concern.
2） I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
3） Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
7．問題法 ----- 先用討論或解答的設(shè)問, 引出自己觀點, 適用于有爭議性的話題.
Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly, some ..., others ...But in my opinion, ...... .
�。ǘ┲黧w段落的寫作原則
作文的主體部分是全文文字最密集的地方，也是最彰顯考生功底的地方，于是，我們總結(jié)出了關(guān)于主體段落寫作的幾個原則，考生在平時練習(xí)時，注意體會掌握。
1. 長短句原則
中國考生語法功底普遍很好，因此，在寫作文時，很容易出現(xiàn)長句堆積的現(xiàn)象。但是，這樣很容易使得文章枯燥乏味，讀起來費解。相反，寫一個短小精辟的句子，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且，如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，更能夠使文章文采飛揚。
在這里我們強烈建議考生：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝。文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
2. 主題句原則
英文寫作和中文寫作的一個很大的區(qū)別在于：中文寫作喜歡水到渠成，只有在最后才透露觀點，然而英文寫作往往卻開門見山，在文章的段首就講明白整段的內(nèi)容。所以在這里建一靠賒概念一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結(jié)尾，讓閱卷人一目了然，文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰。
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的。
�。詏 begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
3. 一 二 三原則
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 雖然羅嗦。但是畢竟條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。解決方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就可以了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）
10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）
4. 短語優(yōu)先原則
寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認(rèn)識的短語，必然會低看你一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法。比如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.
這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。
5. 多實少虛原則
原因很簡單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個人很好的時候，不應(yīng)該直說nice這
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