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考研英語語法精解 結(jié)構(gòu)句子分類
按照結(jié)構(gòu)句子的分類(Classification by Structure)
英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。
一、簡(jiǎn)單句(Simple Sentence)
只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。
例句: Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies? marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.(選自2011年Text 3)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,makes,gives和help是三個(gè)并列謂語動(dòng)詞。其中seem objective作賓語the site的補(bǔ)足語;過去分詞concerned作companies的后置定語。
譯文: 除了產(chǎn)生效益外,這個(gè)網(wǎng)站由于其他營(yíng)銷商的參與而顯得公正客觀,給企業(yè)提供機(jī)會(huì)去獲取其他企業(yè)成功營(yíng)銷策略的寶貴信息,并且可能幫助所有相關(guān)企業(yè)增大用戶流量。
例句: Fuel scarcities and price increases prompted automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks. (1999年第40題)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,主語由fuel scarcities和price increases充當(dāng),to scale down...和to develop...是兩個(gè)并列賓語補(bǔ)足語。
譯文: 燃料短缺和價(jià)格上漲促使汽車設(shè)計(jì)師們縮小最大的型號(hào)并發(fā)展全新的小型轎車和貨車的`生產(chǎn)線。
二、并列句(Compound Sentence)
用等立/并列連詞(或分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、逗號(hào))把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句,其中常用并列連詞有and,so,not only...but also,neither/either...nor/or,or, but, still, however, while, whereas, for等。
例句: The supervisor didn?t have time so far to go into it at length, but he gave us an idea about his plan. (1995年第38題)
分析: 該句是并列句,短語at length意為“詳細(xì)地,詳盡地”。
譯文: 主管人目前沒時(shí)間對(duì)此事進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查,但他對(duì)我們談了他的打算。
例句: Mr. Smith had an unusual career: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher. (2000年第34題)
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 史密斯先生的職業(yè)生涯不同尋常: 剛開始是做辦公室職員,然后當(dāng)水手,最后做了老師。
例句:Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e?mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. (選自2011年Text 3)
分析:該句是由and連接的并列句,兩個(gè)介詞短語by willingly promoting it to friends 和by sending e?mail alerts about products and sales to customers分別作狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞create和leverage;分詞短語registered with its Web site作后置定語,修飾customers。
譯文:熱衷于某種產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者可以通過自愿推薦給朋友的方式創(chuàng)建“免費(fèi)”媒體,而企業(yè)可以通過電子郵件把產(chǎn)品和銷售信息發(fā)送給在其網(wǎng)站上注冊(cè)的用戶,從而充分利用“自有”媒體。
例句: The worker and the employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. (選自1993年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,not only...but also...引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列原因狀語從句。
譯文: 工人與雇員心情焦慮不僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苁I(yè),而且因?yàn)樗麄儾荒茉谏钪蝎@得真正的滿足和興趣。
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