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初中英語名詞講解及其練習
名 詞 講 解
二、名詞的數(shù)
名詞分為可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般屬于不可數(shù)名詞，它們只有單數(shù)形式；個體名詞和集體名詞一般是可數(shù)名詞，通常有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。 1.
【注】① ch讀/k/時，其復數(shù)形式應加s，如stomachs（胃，腹部）
② 常見的以o結(jié)尾要加es的有如：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可記為“”。 ③ 以f或fe結(jié)尾變f或fe為ves的詞有如下：
【注】① man，woman作定語修飾別的名詞時，要把man，woman和其他部分都變成復數(shù)，如man teacher – men teachers，_____________________（男醫(yī)生） - _____________________(女職員)； ② 不規(guī)則復數(shù)形式的記憶口訣：
男女警察英法人，都是將man變成men。
腳、牙oo變ee，child加上ren。 鹿和綿羊是一家，單變復時不變化。
3. “某國人”
三、名詞所有格
在英語中，特別是表示有生命的名詞，可以加's表示所屬關系，名詞的這種形式我們稱之為名詞的所有格。 1. 有生命的名詞所有格
（1）單數(shù)名詞的所有格加’s。如：母親節(jié)__________________ 朱迪的辦公室_________________ （2）以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞所有格只加’。如：教師節(jié)_________________ 學生用書_________________ （3）姓氏以s結(jié)尾，也可直接加’。如： Jones的包包_______________________
（4）不規(guī)則的復數(shù)名詞變所有格加’s。如： 兒童讀物__________________婦女節(jié)_____________ （5）表示兩人共有時，只在最后一個名詞后加’s。如：
莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________ 約翰和瑪麗的課桌_________________
（6）表示兩人各自所有時，則兩個專有名詞都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修飾的名詞要用復數(shù)形式。 王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________ 露西的房間和莉莉的房間__________________________ 2. 無生命的名詞所有格
（1）無生命的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構表示，如：桌腿 _________________ 書名___________________ （2）表示國家、時間、距離、重量和價值等的名詞通過詞尾變化表示所有，如： China’s future_____________ today’s newspaper_____________ 十分鐘的路程_________________ 兩周的假期____________________
3. 雙重所有格 雙重所有格就是將of結(jié)構與’s結(jié)構或名詞性物主代詞一起使用，如： a friend of Tom’s _____________ a friend of mine _____________
4. 表示住宅、辦公室或店鋪的名詞所有格后面一般省略它所修飾的名詞，如： at John’s (home) _____________ at the doctor’s (office) _____________
實戰(zhàn)演練
一. 找出下列笑話中的可數(shù)名詞，并寫出其復數(shù)形式：
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
二. 找出不可數(shù)名詞，在橫線上打勾，并將可數(shù)名詞變成復數(shù)形式：
homework ___________ half ___________ advice____________ money _________ food ___________ foot _________music __________ chicken ______________ mouth _____________bread ___________ information __________milk __________cow ___________ orange ____________ water ___________ 三. 選擇填空：
（ ）1．The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots （ ）2．Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens （ ）3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans （ ）4．Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors （ ）5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse （ ）6．The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch （ ）7．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
（ ）8．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men （ ）9．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss （ ）10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 四 .名詞所有格練習：
（ ）1. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time? A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years （ ）2. This is a ________ bike. ________ is over there. A. visitor’s; My B. visitor’s; Mine C. visitor; My （ ）3. Wang Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ . A. doctor B. doctors’ C. doctor’s D. doctor’ （ ）4. This is ________ , and I borrowed it two days ago. A. a picture of Mr. Cox B. a picture of Mr. Cox’s C. a Mr. Cox’ picture D. Mr. Cox’s pictures
（ ）5. These are ________ books. Li Ming bought some at this bookstore and Brain bought some at that
bookstore.
A. Li Ming’s and Brain B. Li Ming and Brain’s
C. Li Ming’s and Brain D. Li Ming’s and Brain’s
（ ）6. He is ________ .
A. one student of my mother B. one of my mother’s student C. my mother’s students D. one student of my mother’s （ ）7. It’s about ________ from my home to our school. A. thirty minutes’ walk B. walk of thirty minutes’ C. walk of thirty minutes’ D. thirty minute’s walk （ ）8. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind. A. woman’s B. womens’ C. women’s D. womans’ 9. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 10. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的語文書) 11. ________________________________(John和Sally的母親) are American. 12. ______________________________(王平和王明的父親) is a hotel manager. 13. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的鋼筆) ? 14. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老師). 15. ___________________________(教師節(jié)) is on September 10th . 16. ___________________________________(學生們的桌椅) are very new. 17. We are very happy on ____________________________________(兒童節(jié)). 18. ____________________________(趙敏的鞋) are white. 五. 名詞復數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習：
1. There are ___________________________(58個學生)in our class. 2. There are ___________________________(22個孩子) in the room. 3. I can see ____________________________(六杯茶) on the table. 4. There are ____________________________(44位女老師) in her school. 5. We can see __________________________________(18個婦女) over there. 6. ______________________________(多少幅畫) are there in you bedroom? 7. I have ________________________________(3本字典).
8. Our school has _________________________________(2個圖書館) . 9. There are ___________________________________(12個月) in a year. 10. There are ______________________________(13輛公共汽車) on the street.
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